![]() Microplastics were found in all sampling intervals and areas, ranging from 4.29 to 23.49 particles m −3. This study examines microplastic contamination in Jakarta's nine river outlets. To reduce microplastic contamination in the environment, we need to better understand its sources and transit, especially from land to sea. More research is needed to establish how and where microplastics enter rivers. We suspect a relationship between COVID-19 PPE waste and microplastic shift in our study area. Our research observed an increase in microplastic fibers made of polypropylene over time. ![]() This investigation found polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene in large proportion due to their widespread use in normal daily life and industrial applications. Our study found a link between rainfall and the abundance of microplastic particles in all river outlets studied. The trend of microplastic contamination tends to increase as the anthropogenic activity towards Jakarta Bay from the eastern side of the bay. ![]() ![]() Microplastics were found in all sampling intervals and areas, ranging from 4.29 to 23.49 particles m-3.
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